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    Network+ 2009 Exam Objectives

    Tiffany Tarpein
    Tiffany Tarpein
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    Posts : 112
    Join date : 2010-02-19
    Age : 50
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    Network+ 2009 Exam Objectives Empty Network+ 2009 Exam Objectives

    Post  Tiffany Tarpein Tue Feb 23, 2010 4:25 pm

    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Certification Examination Objectives
    INTRODUCTION
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) certification is an internationally recognized validation of the technical knowledge required of foundation-level IT network practitioners.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) certification ensures that the successful candidate has the important knowledge and skills necessary to manage, maintain, troubleshoot, install, operate and configure basic network infrastructure, describe networking technologies, basic design principles, and adhere to wiring standards and use testing tools.
    The skills and knowledge measured by this examination were derived from an industry-wide job task analysis and validated through an industry-wide global survey in Q2 2008. The results of this survey were used in weighing the domains and ensuring that the weighting is representative of the relative importance of the content.
    It is recommended for CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) candidates to have the following:

    CompTIA A+ certification or equivalent knowledge, though CompTIA A+ certification is not required.

    Have at least 9 to 12 months of work experience in IT networking.
    The table below lists the domains measured by this examination and the extent to which they are represented. CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) exams are based on these objectives.
    Domain
    % of Examination
    1.0 Network Technologies
    20%
    2.0 Network Media and Topologies
    20%
    3.0 Network Devices
    17%
    4.0 Network Management
    20%
    5.0 Network Tools
    12%
    6.0 Network Security
    11%
    Total
    100%
    **Note: The bulleted lists below each objective are not exhaustive lists. Even though they are not included in this document, other examples of technologies, processes or tasks pertaining to each objective may also be included on the exam.
    (A list of acronyms used in these objectives appears at the end of this document.)
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 1 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    1.0
    Network Technologies
    1.1
    Explain the function of common networking protocols

    TCP

    FTP

    UDP

    TCP/IP suite

    DHCP

    TFTP

    DNS

    HTTP(S)

    ARP

    SIP (VoIP)

    RTP (VoIP)

    SSH

    POP3

    NTP

    IMAP4

    Telnet

    SMTP

    SNMP2/3

    ICMP

    IGMP

    TLS
    1.2
    Identify commonly used TCP and UDP default ports
    TCP ports

    FTP – 20, 21

    SSH – 22

    TELNET – 23

    SMTP – 25

    DNS – 53

    HTTP – 80

    POP3 – 110

    NTP – 123

    IMAP4 – 143

    HTTPS – 443
    UDP ports

    TFTP – 69

    DNS – 53

    BOOTPS/DHCP – 67

    SNMP – 161
    1.3
    Identify the following address formats

    IPv6

    IPv4

    MAC addressing CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 2 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    1.4
    Given a scenario, evaluate the proper use of the following addressing technologies and addressing schemes
    Addressing Technologies

    Subnetting

    Classful vs. classless (e.g. CIDR, Supernetting)

    NAT

    PAT

    SNAT

    Public vs. private

    DHCP (static, dynamic APIPA)
    Addressing schemes

    Unicast

    Multicast

    Broadcast
    1.5
    Identify common IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols
    Link state

    OSPF

    IS-IS
    Distance vector

    RIP

    RIPv2

    BGP
    Hybrid

    EIGRP
    1.6
    Explain the purpose and properties of routing

    IGP vs. EGP

    Static vs. dynamic

    Next hop

    Understanding routing tables and how they pertain to path selection

    Explain convergence (steady state)
    1.7
    Compare the characteristics of wireless communication standards

    802.11 a/b/g/n
    o
    Speeds
    o
    Distance
    o
    Channels
    o
    Frequency

    Authentication and encryption
    o
    WPA
    o
    WEP
    o
    RADIUS
    o
    TKIP
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 3 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    2.0
    Network Media and Topologies
    2
    .1 Categorize standard cable types and their properties
    Type:

    CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6

    STP, UTP

    Multimode fiber, single-mode fiber

    Coaxial
    o
    RG-59
    o
    RG-6

    Serial

    Plenum vs. Non-plenum
    Properties:

    Transmission speeds

    Distance

    Duplex

    Noise immunity (security, EMI)

    Frequency
    2
    .2 Identify common connector types

    RJ-11
    • R
    J-45

    BNC

    SC

    ST

    LC

    RS-232
    2
    .3 Identify common physical network topologies

    Star
    • M
    esh

    Bus

    Ring

    Point to point

    Point to multipoint

    Hybrid
    2
    .4 Given a scenario, differentiate and implement appropriate wiring standards

    568A
    • 5
    68B

    Straight vs. cross-over

    Rollover

    Loopback
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 4 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    2
    .5 Categorize WAN technology types and properties
    Type:

    Frame relay
    • E
    1/T1

    ADSL

    SDSL

    VDSL

    Cable modem

    Satellite

    E3/T3

    OC-x

    Wireless

    ATM

    SONET

    MPLS

    ISDN BRI

    ISDN PRI

    POTS

    PSTN
    Properties

    Circuit switch

    Packet switch

    Speed

    Transmission media

    Distance
    2
    .6 Categorize LAN technology types and properties
    Types:

    Ethernet
    • 1
    0BaseT

    100BaseTX

    100BaseFX

    1000BaseT

    1000BaseX

    10GBaseSR

    10GBaseLR

    10GBaseER

    10GBaseSW

    10GBaseLW

    10GBaseEW

    10GBaseT
    Properties

    CSMA/CD

    Broadcast

    Collision

    Bonding

    Speed

    Distance CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 5 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    2
    .7 Explain common logical network topologies and their characteristics

    Peer to peer
    • C
    lient/server

    VPN

    VLAN
    2
    .8 Install components of wiring distribution

    Vertical and horizontal cross connects
    • P
    atch panels

    66 block

    MDFs

    IDFs

    25 pair

    100 pair

    110 block

    Demarc

    Demarc extension

    Smart jack

    Verify wiring installation

    Verify wiring termination
    3
    .0 Network Devices
    3
    .1 Install, configure and differentiate between common network devices
    • H
    ub

    Repeater

    Modem

    NIC

    Media converters

    Basic switch

    Bridge

    Wireless access point

    Basic router

    Basic firewall

    Basic DHCP server
    3
    .2 Identify the functions of specialized network devices

    Multilayer switch

    Content switch
    • I
    DS/IPS

    Load balancer

    Multifunction network devices

    DNS server

    Bandwidth shaper

    Proxy server

    CSU/DSU CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 6 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    3
    .3 Explain the advanced features of a switch

    PoE

    Spanning tree
    • V
    LAN

    Trunking

    Port mirroring

    Port authentication
    3
    .4 Implement a basic wireless network

    Install client

    Access point placement
    • In
    stall access point
    o
    Configure appropriate encryption
    o
    Configure channels and frequencies
    o
    Set ESSID and beacon

    Verify installation
    4
    .0 Network Management
    4
    .1 Explain the function of each layer of the OSI model

    Layer 1 – physical
    • La
    yer 2 – data link

    Layer 3 – network

    Layer 4 – transport

    Layer 5 – session

    Layer 6 – presentation

    Layer 7 – application
    4
    .2 Identify types of configuration management documentation

    Wiring schematics

    Physical and logical network diagrams

    Baselines
    • Po
    licies, procedures and configurations

    Regulations
    4
    .3 Given a scenario, evaluate the network based on configuration management documentation

    Compare wiring schematics, physical and logical network diagrams, baselines, policies and procedures and configurations to network devices and infrastructure

    Update wiring schematics, physical and logical network diagrams, configurations and job logs as needed
    4
    .4 Conduct network monitoring to identify performance and connectivity issues using the following:
    • Ne
    twork monitoring utilities (e.g. packet sniffers, connectivity software, load testing, throughput testers)

    System logs, history logs, event logs
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 7 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    4
    .5 Explain different methods and rationales for network performance optimization
    Methods:
    • Q
    oS

    Traffic shaping

    Load balancing
    • H
    igh availability

    Caching engines

    Fault tolerance
    Reasons:

    Latency sensitivity

    High bandwidth applications
    o
    VoIP
    o
    Video applications

    Uptime
    4
    .6 Given a scenario, implement the following network troubleshooting methodology

    Information gathering – identify symptoms and problems

    Identify the affected areas of the network

    Determine if anything has changed
    • Es
    tablish the most probable cause

    Determine if escalation is necessary

    Create an action plan and solution identifying potential effects

    Implement and test the solution

    Identify the results and effects of the solution

    Document the solution and the entire process
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 8 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    4
    .7 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common connectivity issues and select an appropriate solution
    Physical issues:

    Cross talk

    Near End crosstalk

    Attenuation
    • C
    ollisions

    Shorts

    Open

    Impedance mismatch (echo)

    Interference
    Logical issues:

    Port speed

    Port duplex mismatch

    Incorrect VLAN

    Incorrect IP address

    Wrong gateway

    Wrong DNS

    Wrong subnet mask
    Issues that should be identified but escalated:
    o
    Switching loop
    o
    Routing loop
    o
    Route problems
    o
    Proxy arp
    o
    Broadcast storms
    Wireless Issues:
    o
    Interference (bleed, environmental factors)
    o
    Incorrect encryption
    o
    Incorrect channel
    o
    Incorrect frequency
    o
    ESSID mismatch
    o
    Standard mismatch (802.11 a/b/g/n)
    o
    Distance
    o
    Bounce
    o
    Incorrect antenna placement
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 9 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    5
    .0 Network Tools
    5
    .1 Given a scenario, select the appropriate command line interface tool and interpret the output to verify functionality

    Traceroute

    Ipconfig
    • I
    fconfig

    Ping

    Arp ping

    Arp

    Nslookup

    Hostname

    Dig

    Mtr

    Route

    Nbtstat

    Netstat
    5
    .2 Explain the purpose of network scanners

    Packet sniffers

    Intrusion detection software

    Intrusion prevention software

    Port scanners
    5.3
    Given a scenario, utilize the appropriate hardware tools

    Cable testers

    Protocol analyzer

    Certifiers

    TDR
    • O
    TDR

    Multimeter

    Toner probe

    Butt set

    Punch down tool

    Cable stripper

    Snips

    Voltage event recorder

    Temperature monitor
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 10 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    6
    .0 Network Security
    6
    .1 Explain the function of hardware and software security devices

    Network based firewall

    Host based firewall

    IDS
    • I
    PS

    VPN concentrator
    6
    .2 Explain common features of a firewall

    Application layer vs. network layer

    Stateful vs. stateless

    Scanning services

    Content filtering

    Signature identification
    • Z
    ones
    6
    .3 Explain the methods of network access security
    Filtering:

    ACL
    o
    MAC filtering
    o
    IP filtering

    Tunneling and encryption
    o
    SSL VPN
    o V
    PN
    o
    L2TP
    o
    PPTP
    o
    IPSEC

    Remote access
    o
    RAS
    o
    RDP
    o
    PPPoE
    o
    PPP
    o
    VNC
    o
    ICA
    6
    .4 Explain methods of user authentication

    PKI

    Kerberos

    AAA
    o
    RADIUS
    o
    TACACS+
    • N
    etwork access control
    o
    802.1x

    CHAP

    MS-CHAP

    EAP
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 11 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    6
    .5 Explain issues that affect device security

    Physical security

    Restricting local and remote access

    Secure methods vs. unsecure methods
    o
    SSH, HTTPS, SNMPv3, SFTP, SCP
    o
    TELNET, HTTP, FTP, RSH, RCP, SNMPv1/2
    6.6
    Identify common security threats and mitigation techniques
    Security threats

    DoS

    Viruses

    Worms

    Attackers

    Man in the middle
    • S
    murf

    Rogue access points

    Social engineering (phishing)
    Mitigation techniques

    Policies and procedures

    User training

    Patches and updates CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 12 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    NETWORK+ ACRONYMS
    AAA
    Authentication Authorization and Accounting
    ACL
    Access Control List
    ADF
    Automatic Document Feeder
    ADSL
    Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
    AES
    Advanced Encryption Standard
    AEP
    American Electric Power
    AFP
    AppleTalk Filing Protocol
    AH
    Authentication Header
    AM
    Amplitude Modulation
    AMI
    Alternate Mark Inversion
    APIPA
    Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
    ARIN
    American Registry for Internet Numbers
    ARP
    Address Resolution Protocol
    ASP
    Application Service Provider
    ATM
    Asynchronous Transfer Mode
    BDF
    Building Distribution Frame
    BERT
    Bit-Error Rate Test
    BGP
    Border Gateway Protocol
    BNC
    British Naval Connector / Bayonet Niell-Concelman
    BootP
    Boot Protocol /Bootstrap Protocol
    BPDU
    Bridge Protocol Data Unit
    BRI
    Basic Rate Interface
    CHAP
    Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
    CIDR
    Classless inter domain routing
    CNAME
    Canonical Name
    CRAM-MD5
    Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism – Message Digest 5
    CSMA / CA
    Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance
    CSMA / CD
    Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection
    CSU
    Channel Service Unit
    dB
    decibels
    DHCP
    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
    DLC
    Data Link Control
    DMZ
    Demilitarized Zone
    DNS
    Domain Name Service / Domain Name Server / Domain Name System
    DOCSIS
    Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification
    DoS
    Denial of Service
    DDoS
    Distributed Denial of Service
    DSL
    Digital Subscriber Line
    DSU
    Data Service Unit
    DWDM
    Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
    E1
    E-Carrier Level 1
    EAP
    Extensible Authentication Protocol
    EGP
    Exterior Gateway Protocol
    EIGRP
    Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
    EMI
    Electromagnetic Interference
    ESD
    Electrostatic Discharge
    ESSID
    Extended Service Set Identifier
    ESP
    Encapsulated security packets CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 13 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    FDDI
    Fiber Distributed Data Interface
    FDM
    Frequency Division Multiplexing
    FHSS
    Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
    FM
    Frequency Modulation
    FQDN
    Fully Qualified Domain Name / Fully Qualified Distinguished Name
    FTP
    File Transfer Protocol
    GBIC
    Gigabit Interface Converter
    Gbps
    Giga bits per second
    HDLC
    High-Level Data Link Control
    HSRP
    Hot Standby Router Protocol
    HTTP
    Hypertext Transfer Protocol
    HTTPS
    Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
    Hz
    Hertz
    IANA
    Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
    ICA
    Independent Computer Architecture
    ICANN
    Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
    ICMP
    Internet Control Message Protocol
    ICS
    Internet Connection Sharing
    IDF
    Intermediate Distribution Frame
    IDS
    Intrusion Detection System
    IEEE
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    IGMP
    Internet Group Multicast Protocol
    IGP
    Interior Gateway Protocol
    IIS
    Internet Information Services
    IKE
    Internet Key Exchange
    IMAP4
    Internet Message Access Protocol version 4
    InterNIC
    Internet Network Information Center
    IP
    Internet Protocol
    IPS
    Intrusion Prevention System
    IPSec
    Internet Protocol Security
    IPv4
    Internet Protocol version 4
    IPv6
    Internet Protocol version 6
    IPX
    Internetwork Packet Exchange
    ISDN
    Integrated Services Digital Network
    IS-IS
    Intermediate System - Intermediate system
    ISP
    Internet Service Provider
    IT
    Information Technology
    Kbps
    Kilobits per second
    L2F
    Layer 2 Forwarding
    L2TP
    Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
    LACP
    Link aggregation control protocol
    LAN
    Local Area Network
    LC
    Local Connector
    LDAP
    Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
    LEC
    Local Exchange Carrier
    LED
    Light Emitting Diode
    LLC
    Logical Link Control
    LPR
    Line Printer Request
    MAC
    Media Access Control / Medium Access Control
    Mbps
    Megabits per second CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 14 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    MBps
    Megabytes per second
    MDF
    Main Distribution Frame
    MDI
    Media Dependent Interface
    MDIX
    Media Dependent Interface Crossover
    MIB
    Management Information Base
    MMF
    Multimode Fiber
    MPLS
    Multi-Protocol Label Switching
    MS-CHAP
    Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
    MT-RJ
    Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack
    MX
    Mail Exchanger
    NAC
    Network Access Control
    NAT
    Network Address Translation
    NCP
    Network Control Protocol
    NetBEUI
    Network Basic Input / Output Extended User Interface
    NetBIOS
    Network Basic Input / Output System
    NFS
    Network File Service
    NIC
    Network Interface Card
    nm
    Nanometer
    NNTP
    Network News Transport Protocol
    NTP
    Network Time Protocol
    NWLINK
    Microsoft IPX/SPX Protocol
    OCx
    Optical Carrier
    OS
    Operating Systems
    OSI
    Open Systems Interconnect
    OSPF
    Open Shortest Path First
    OTDR
    Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
    PAP
    Password Authentication Protocol
    PAT
    Port Address Translation
    PC
    Personal Computer
    PKI
    Public Key Infrastructure
    PoE
    Power over Ethernet
    POP3
    Post Office Protocol version 3
    POTS
    Plain Old Telephone System
    PPP
    Point-to-Point Protocol
    PPPoE
    Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
    PPTP
    Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
    PRI
    Primary Rate Interface
    PSTN
    Public Switched Telephone Network
    PVC
    Permanent Virtual Circuit
    QoS
    Quality of Service
    RADIUS
    Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
    RARP
    Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
    RAS
    Remote Access Service
    RDP
    Remote Desktop Protocol
    RFI
    Radio Frequency Interface
    RG
    Radio Guide
    RIP
    Routing Internet Protocol
    RJ
    Registered Jack
    RSA
    Rivest, Shamir, Adelman
    RSH
    Remote Shell
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 15 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    RTP
    Real Time Protocol
    SC
    Standard Connector / Subscriber Connector
    SCP
    Secure Copy Protocol
    SDSL
    Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
    SFTP
    Secure File Transfer Protocol
    SIP
    Session Initiation Protocol
    SLIP
    Serial Line Internet Protocol
    SMF
    Single Mode Fiber
    SMTP
    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
    SNAT
    Static Network Address Translation
    SNMP
    Simple Network Management Protocol
    SOA
    Start of Authority
    SOHO
    Small Office / Home Office
    SONET
    Synchronous Optical Network
    SPS
    Standby Power Supply
    SPX
    Sequenced Packet Exchange
    SSH
    Secure Shell
    SSID
    Service Set Identifier
    SSL
    Secure Sockets Layer
    ST
    Straight Tip
    STP
    Shielded Twisted Pair
    T1
    T-Carrier Level 1
    TA
    Terminal Adaptor
    TACACS+
    Terminal Access Control Access Control System+
    TCP
    Transmission Control Protocol
    TCP / IP
    Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
    tcsh
    Turbo C shell
    TDM
    Time Division Multiplexing
    TDR
    Time Domain Reflectometer
    Telco
    Telephone Company
    TFTP
    Trivial File Transfer Protocol
    TKIP
    Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
    TLS
    Transport Layer Security
    TTL
    Time to Live
    UDP
    User Datagram Protocol
    UNC
    Universal Naming Convention
    UPS
    Uninterruptible Power Supply
    URL
    Uniform Resource Locator
    USB
    Universal Serial Bus
    UTP
    Unshielded Twisted Pair
    VDSL
    Variable Digital Subscriber Line
    VLAN
    Virtual Local Area Network
    VNC
    Virtual Network Connection
    VoIP
    Voice over IP
    VPN
    Virtual Private Network
    VTP
    Virtual Trunk Protocol
    WAN
    Wide Area Network
    WAP
    Wireless Application Protocol / Wireless Access Point
    WEP
    Wired Equivalent Privacy
    WINS
    Window Internet Name Service
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 16 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives 17 of 17
    Copyright ©️2008 by the Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved.
    The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives are subject to change without notice.
    WPA
    Wi-Fi Protected Access
    www
    World Wide Web
    X.25
    CCITT Packet Switching Protocol
    XML
    eXtensible Markup Language
    XDSL
    Extended Digital Subscriber Line
    Zeroconf
    Zero Configuration

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